Tanthauzo la bolodi losindikizidwa ndi gulu lake

Mapulani osindikizira, omwe amadziwikanso kutimatabwa ozungulira osindikizidwa, ndi omwe amapereka maulumikizidwe amagetsi pazinthu zamagetsi.
Gulu losindikizidwa lozungulira limaimiridwa kwambiri ndi "PCB", koma silingatchulidwe "PCB board".
Mapangidwe a matabwa osindikizidwa amapangidwa makamaka masanjidwe;ubwino waukulu ntchito matabwa dera ndi kuchepetsa kwambiri mawaya ndi zolakwa msonkhano, ndi kusintha zochita zokha mlingo ndi ntchito mlingo kupanga.
Ma board ozungulira osindikizidwa amatha kugawidwa m'mbali imodzi, mbali ziwiri, zosanjikiza zinayi, zosanjikiza zisanu ndi chimodzi ndi matabwa ena amitundu ingapo malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa matabwa ozungulira.
Popeza gulu losindikizidwa lozungulira sizinthu zonse zomaliza, tanthauzo la dzinali ndi losokoneza pang'ono.Mwachitsanzo, bolodi lamakompyuta lamunthu limatchedwa boardboard, koma osati mwachindunji kutchedwa board board.Ngakhale pali matabwa ozungulira mu bolodi la amayi, koma Iwo sali ofanana, kotero awiriwa ndi ogwirizana koma sanganene kuti ali ofanana poyesa makampani.Chitsanzo china: chifukwa pali magawo ophatikizika ozungulira omwe amanyamulidwa pa bolodi lozungulira, atolankhani amawatcha kuti IC board, koma kwenikweni sizofanana ndi bolodi losindikizidwa.Nthawi zambiri tikamalankhula za bolodi losindikizidwa, timatanthawuza bolodi lopanda kanthu - ndiko kuti, bolodi lopanda zigawo.

Gulu la matabwa ozungulira osindikizidwa

gulu limodzi
Pa PCB yofunikira kwambiri, mbalizo zimakhazikika mbali imodzi ndipo mawaya amakhazikika mbali inayo.Chifukwa mawaya amangowonekera mbali imodzi, PCB yamtunduwu imatchedwa mbali imodzi (mbali imodzi).Chifukwa matabwa a mbali imodzi ali ndi zoletsa zambiri pakupanga mawaya (chifukwa pali mbali imodzi yokha, mawaya sangathe kuwoloka ndipo ayenera kuyenda mozungulira njira zosiyana), maulendo oyambirira okha ndi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito bolodi lamtunduwu.

Pawiri pawiri
Gulu lozungulirali lili ndi mawaya kumbali zonse ziwiri, koma kuti mugwiritse ntchito mbali zonse za waya, payenera kukhala kugwirizana koyenera kwa dera pakati pa mbali ziwirizo."Milatho" yotere pakati pa madera amatchedwa vias.Vias ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono pa PCB, odzazidwa kapena utoto ndi zitsulo, zomwe zimatha kulumikizidwa ndi mawaya mbali zonse.Chifukwa gawo la bolodi lokhala ndi mbali ziwiri ndilokulirapo kawiri kuposa la bolodi lokhala ndi mbali imodzi, bolodi lokhala ndi mbali ziwiri limathetsa vuto lolumikizira ma waya mu bolodi lokhala ndi mbali imodzi (imatha kuperekedwa kwa ina. mbali kudzera pa dzenje), ndipo ndiyoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabwalo ovuta kwambiri kuposa bolodi lambali imodzi.

Multilayer board
Pofuna kuonjezera malo omwe amatha kukhala ndi mawaya, matabwa opangira mawaya amodzi kapena awiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matabwa a multilayer.Bolodi losindikizidwa lokhala ndi mbali ziwiri zamkati zamkati, zigawo ziwiri zakunja za mbali imodzi, kapena zigawo ziwiri zamkati zamkati ndi zigawo ziwiri zakunja za mbali imodzi, zosinthidwa pamodzi ndi malo oyika ndi zipangizo zomangira zotetezera, ndi machitidwe oyendetsa.Ma board ozungulira osindikizidwa omwe amalumikizidwa molingana ndi zofunikira za kapangidwe kake amakhala magawo anayi osanjikiza ndi masanjidwe asanu ndi limodzi osindikizidwa, omwe amadziwikanso kuti matabwa osindikizira amitundu yambiri.Kuchuluka kwa zigawo za bolodi sizikutanthauza kuti pali zigawo zingapo zodziyimira pawokha.Muzochitika zapadera, wosanjikiza wopanda kanthu udzawonjezedwa kuti ulamulire makulidwe a bolodi.Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa zigawo kumakhala kofanana ndipo kumaphatikizapo zigawo ziwiri zakunja.Mavabodi ambiri amakhala ndi magawo 4 mpaka 8, koma mwaukadaulo amatha kukwaniritsa magawo 100 a PCB.Makompyuta akuluakulu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma board a mama okhala ndi masanjidwe angapo, koma chifukwa makompyuta oterowo amatha kusinthidwa ndi magulu ambiri apakompyuta wamba, ma board a Ultra-multilayer asiya kugwiritsidwa ntchito.Chifukwa zigawo za PCB zimaphatikizidwa mwamphamvu, nthawi zambiri sizosavuta kuwona nambala yeniyeni, koma ngati muyang'anitsitsa pa bolodilo, mutha kuionabe.