Kwa amateurKupanga kwa PCB, kusindikiza kwa kutentha kwa kutentha ndi kuwonetseredwa kwa UV ndi njira ziwiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Zida zomwe zimayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito munjira yosinthira kutentha ndi: copper clad laminate, printer laser (iyenera kukhala chosindikizira cha laser, chosindikizira cha inkjet, chosindikizira cha dot matrix ndi osindikiza ena saloledwa), pepala lotengera kutentha (litha kusinthidwa ndi pepala lochirikiza kuseri kwa chomata), koma pepala wamba la A4 silingagwiritsidwe ntchito), makina osinthira matenthedwe (atha kusinthidwa ndi chitsulo chamagetsi, chowongolera chithunzi), cholembera chopangidwa ndi mafuta (chikhale cholembera chotengera mafuta, inki yake ndi yopanda madzi, ndi zolembera za inki zokhala ndi madzi siziloledwa) , Mankhwala owononga (nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ferric chloride kapena ammonium persulfate), kubowola benchi, sandpaper yamadzi (yokhala bwino).
Njira yeniyeni yogwiritsira ntchito ndi iyi:
Oumitsa mkuwa atavala pamwamba pa bolodi mkuwa atavala ndi madzi sandpaper, ndi pogaya pa okusayidi wosanjikiza, ndiye muzimutsuka mkuwa ufa opangidwa ndi akupera ndi madzi, ndi ziume.
Gwiritsani ntchito chosindikizira cha laser kuti musindikize chithunzi chagalasi chakumanzere ndi chakumanja cha fayilo ya PCB yokokedwa kumbali yosalala ya pepala losamutsira matenthedwe, ndipo waya ndi wakuda ndipo mbali zina zilibe kanthu.
Ikani pepala lotenthetsera pazitsulo zamkuwa zamkuwa (mbali yosindikizira ikuyang'anizana ndi mbali ya mkuwa, kotero kuti bolodi la mkuwa likuphimba malo osindikizira), ndikukonzekera pepala lotenthetsera kuti muwonetsetse kuti pepalalo likuchita. osati Movement idzachitika.
Makina osinthira matenthedwe amayatsidwa ndikutenthedwa.Kutenthetsa kumalizidwa, ikani laminate yokhala ndi mkuwa yokhazikika ndi pepala losamutsira kutentha mu mphira wodzigudubuza wa makina otenthetsera mafuta, ndikubwereza kusamutsidwa kwa 3 mpaka 10 (malingana ndi momwe makinawo amagwirira ntchito, kutengerako kutentha kwina). makina atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakadutsa 1, ndipo ena amafunikira 10 kupita).Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chamagetsi kuti musunthire, chonde sinthani chitsulo chamagetsi kuti chifike kutentha kwambiri, ndipo mobwerezabwereza zitsuloni bolodi lovala mkuwa lomwe pepala lotengera kutentha limakhazikika, ndikuyitanira mofanana kuti mutsimikizire kuti gawo lililonse lidzakanikizidwa ndi chitsulo.Laminate yokhala ndi mkuwa imakhala yotentha kwambiri ndipo singakhudzidwe kwa nthawi yayitali isanathe.
Yembekezerani kuti laminate ya mkuwa ikhale yoziziritsa mwachibadwa, ndipo ikazizira mpaka pamene sikutentha, chotsani pepalalo mosamala.Dziwani kuti muyenera kudikirira kuzirala kwathunthu musanang'ambe, apo ayi filimu yapulasitiki pa pepala lotengera kutentha imatha kumamatira ku bolodi lovala zamkuwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kulephera kupanga.
Onani ngati kusamutsa kwapambana.Ngati zina sizinakwaniritsidwe, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito cholembera mafuta kuti mumalize.Panthawiyi, zizindikiro zomwe zimasiyidwa ndi cholembera chopangidwa ndi mafuta pa bolodi lovala zamkuwa zidzatsalira pambuyo pa dzimbiri.Ngati mukufuna kupanga siginecha yolemba pamanja pa bolodi yozungulira, mutha kuyilemba mwachindunji pa bolodi lovala zamkuwa ndi cholembera chamafuta panthawiyi.Panthawiyi, bowo laling'ono likhoza kukhomeredwa m'mphepete mwa PCB ndipo chingwe chikhoza kumangidwa kuti chiwongolere chiwonongeko pa sitepe yotsatira.
Ikani mankhwala owononga oyenerera (tengani ferric chloride monga chitsanzo) mu chidebe cha pulasitiki, ndikutsanulira madzi otentha kuti musungunuke mankhwalawa (osawonjezera madzi ochulukirapo, amatha kusungunuka kwathunthu, madzi ochulukirapo amachepetsa ndende) , ndiyeno tumizani ku Zilowerereni kusindikizidwa mkuwa atavala laminate mu njira ya mankhwala zikuwononga, ndi mkuwa atavala mbali mmwamba, kuonetsetsa kuti njira zowononga kwathunthu kumizidwa mu mkuwa atavala laminate, ndiyeno pitirizani kugwedeza chidebe munali zowononga njira. , kapena gwedezani laminate yamkuwa.Chabwino, mpope wa makina a dzimbiri amasonkhezera madzi oyaka.Panthawi ya dzimbiri, chonde tcherani khutu ku kusintha kwa laminate yamkuwa.Ngati filimu ya carbon yomwe yasinthidwa kapena inki yolembedwa ndi cholembera yagwa, chonde siyani dzimbiri nthawi yomweyo ndipo tulutsani laminate yotchinga yamkuwa ndikumutsuka, kenako lembaninso mzere wakugwawo ndi cholembera chamafuta.Kukonzanso.Pambuyo poyera mkuwa pa bolodi lovala zamkuwa, chotsani bolodi lovala zamkuwa nthawi yomweyo, sambitsani ndi madzi apampopi, ndiyeno gwiritsani ntchito sandpaper yamadzi kuti mupukute tona yosindikizira pa bolodi lovala zamkuwa poyeretsa.
Mukatha kuyanika, bowola ndikubowola benchi ndipo ndikukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito.
Kuti PCB iwonetsedwe ndi UV, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida izi:
Inkjet printer kapena laser printer (mitundu ina ya osindikiza sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito), copper clad laminate, photosensitive film kapena photosensitive mafuta (akupezeka pa intaneti), filimu yosindikizira kapena pepala la sulfuric acid (filimu ikulimbikitsidwa osindikiza laser), mbale ya galasi kapena mbale ya plexiglass ( Deralo liyenera kukhala lalikulu kuposa bolodi loyenera kupangidwa), nyali ya ultraviolet (mutha kugwiritsa ntchito machubu a nyale a ultraviolet popha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kapena nyali za ultraviolet zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo opangira misomali), sodium hydroxide (yomwe imatchedwanso "caustic soda", yomwe ingagulidwe masitolo ogulitsa mankhwala), carbonic asidi Sodium (wotchedwanso "soda phulusa", edible ufa alkali ndi crystallization wa sodium carbonate, amene akhoza m'malo ndi edible ufa alkali, kapena sodium carbonate ntchito makampani mankhwala), magolovesi zoteteza mphira (akulimbikitsidwa) , cholembera chamafuta, mankhwala owononga dzimbiri, kubowola benchi, Sandpaper yamadzi.
Choyamba, gwiritsani ntchito chosindikizira kuti musindikize zojambula za PCB pafilimu kapena pepala la sulfuric acid kuti mupange "filimu yoipa".Dziwani kuti zithunzi zagalasi lakumanzere ndi lakumanja zimafunikira pakusindikiza, ndipo zoyera zimasinthidwa (ndiko kuti, waya amasindikizidwa zoyera, ndipo malo omwe zojambulazo zamkuwa sizifunikira ndi zakuda).
Oumitsa mkuwa atavala pamwamba pa bolodi mkuwa atavala ndi madzi sandpaper, ndi pogaya pa okusayidi wosanjikiza, ndiye muzimutsuka mkuwa ufa opangidwa ndi akupera ndi madzi, ndi ziume.
Ngati mafuta opangira zithunzi agwiritsidwa ntchito, gwiritsani ntchito burashi yaying'ono popaka mafuta owoneka bwino pamwamba pa laminate yamkuwa ndikuwumitsa.Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito chithunzithunzi filimu, muiike photosensitive filimu padziko mkuwa atavala bolodi pa nthawi ino.Pali filimu yoteteza mbali zonse za filimu yojambula zithunzi.Choyamba chotsani filimu yoteteza mbali imodzi ndikuyiyika pa bolodi lovala zamkuwa.Osasiya thovu la mpweya.Wina wosanjikiza wa filimu zoteteza Musafulumire kung'amba.Kaya ndi filimu yowoneka bwino kapena mafuta owoneka bwino, chonde gwirani ntchito mchipinda chamdima.Ngati palibe chipinda chamdima, mutha kutseka makatani ndikuyatsa magetsi ochepera mphamvu kuti agwire ntchito.Laminate yopangidwa ndi mkuwa iyeneranso kusungidwa kutali ndi kuwala.
Ikani "negative film" pa copper-clad laminate yomwe yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi photosensitive treatment, kanikizani mbale yagalasi, ndi kupachika nyali ya ultraviolet pamwamba kuti muwonetsetse kuti malo onse amatha kulandira kuwala kofanana kwa ultraviolet.Mukayiyika, yatsani nyali ya ultraviolet.Ma ultraviolet ndi owopsa kwa anthu.Musayang'ane mwachindunji kuwala kotulutsidwa ndi nyali ya ultraviolet ndi maso anu, ndipo yesetsani kupewa kukhudzana ndi khungu.Ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito katoni kuti mupange bokosi lowala kuti liwonetsedwe.Ngati mwapezeka m'chipindamo, chonde tulukani m'chipindamo mutayatsa magetsi.Kutalika kwa njira yowonetsera kumagwirizana ndi zinthu zambiri monga mphamvu ya nyali ndi zinthu za "filimu yoipa".Nthawi zambiri, zimatenga mphindi 1 mpaka 20.Mutha kuzimitsa nyali pafupipafupi kuti muwunikenso.Ngati pali kusiyana koonekeratu kwa mtundu mu filimu ya photosensitive (kumene imawonekera ku kuwala kwa ultraviolet) Mtunduwu umakhala wakuda, ndipo mtundu m'malo ena umakhalabe wosasinthika), ndiye kuti kuwonetseredwa kungathe kuimitsidwa.Pambuyo pakuyimitsidwa, ndikofunikirabe kusunga mumdima mpaka ntchito yachitukuko itatha.
Konzani 2% ndende ya sodium carbonate solution, zilowerereni poyera mkuwa clad laminate mu yankho, dikirani kwa kanthawi (pafupi 1 miniti), ndipo inu mukhoza kuwona kuti photosensitive filimu pa kuwala amitundu kuti sanaululidwe akuyamba. kukhala woyera ndi kutupa.Panalibe kusintha kwakukulu m'madera amdima owonekera.Panthawi imeneyi, mungagwiritse ntchito thonje swab kuti mokoma misozi mbali zosaonekera.Kupanga ndi njira yofunika kwambiri, yomwe ili yofanana ndi sitepe yotengera kutentha kwa PCB ndi njira yosinthira kutentha.Ngati malo osaonekera sanatsukidwe kwathunthu (osakhazikika), amayambitsa dzimbiri m'derali;ndipo ngati madera owonekera atsuka, PCB yopangidwa idzakhala yosakwanira.
Chitukuko chikatha, mutha kuchoka mchipinda chamdima panthawiyi ndikupitilira kuwala kwabwinobwino.Yang'anani ngati mawaya a gawo lowonekeralo atha.Ngati siinamalizidwe, itha kumalizidwa ndi cholembera chotengera mafuta, monganso njira yotumizira kutentha.
Chotsatira ndi etching, sitepe iyi ndi chimodzimodzi ndi etching mu matenthedwe kutengerapo njira, chonde onani pamwamba.
Pambuyo pa dzimbiri, kudula kumachitika.Konzani 2% sodium hydroxide solution, kumiza mkuwa wovala laminate mmenemo, dikirani kwa kanthawi, zinthu photosensitive zotsalira pa mkuwa clad laminate adzagwa basi.Chenjezo: Sodium hydroxide ndi mchere wamphamvu komanso wowononga kwambiri.Chonde samalani mukachigwira.Ndikoyenera kuvala magolovesi oteteza ndi magalasi.Akakhudza khungu, chonde muzimutsuka ndi madzi nthawi yomweyo.Sodium hydroxide yolimba imayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu ya hygroscopic, ndipo imaphwanyidwa mwachangu ikakumana ndi mpweya, chonde isungeni mpweya.Sodium hydroxide solution imatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi mpweya woipa mumlengalenga kupanga sodium carbonate, zomwe zingayambitse kulephera, chonde konzekerani tsopano.
Pambuyo pobowola, yambani chotsalira cha sodium hydroxide pa PCB ndi madzi, mulole icho chiwume ndikubowola mabowo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-15-2023