Phapang pakeng tsa chip le boto ea potoloho

Phapang pakeng tsa chip le boto ea potoloho:
Sebopeho se fapane: Chip: Ke mokhoa oa ho fokotsa li-circuits (haholo-holo ho kenyelletsa lisebelisoa tsa semiconductor, ho kenyelletsa le likaroloana tse sa sebetseng, joalo-joalo), 'me hangata li etsoa holim'a liphaphatha tsa semiconductor.Integrated Circuit: Sesebediswa se senyane sa elektroniki kapa karolwana.
Mekhoa e fapaneng ea tlhahiso: chip: sebelisa sephaphatha se le seng sa crystal silicon e le lera la motheo, ebe sebelisa photolithography, doping, CMP le mahlale a mang ho etsa likarolo tse kang MOSFET kapa BJTs, ebe o sebelisa filimi e tšesaane le theknoloji ea CMP ho etsa lithapo, tlhahiso ea chip e phethiloe.
Potoloho e kopantsoeng: Ka mokhoa o itseng, li-transistors, resistors, capacitor, inductors le likarolo tse ling le lithapo tse hlokahalang potolohong li hokahanngoa hammoho, li entsoe ka li-chips tse nyane kapa tse 'maloa tse nyane tsa semiconductor kapa li-dielectric substrates, ebe li kenngoa ka har'a tube. kgetla.

tsebisa:
Kamora hore transistor e qapiloe le ho hlahisoa ka bongata, likarolo tse fapaneng tsa semiconductor tsa boemo bo tiileng joalo ka diode le li-transistors li ile tsa sebelisoa haholo, ho nka sebaka sa ts'ebetso le karolo ea li-vacuum tubes lipotolohong.Bohareng le qetellong ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo, tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji ea tlhahiso ea semiconductor e ile ea etsa hore lipotoloho tse kopaneng li khonehe.Sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tse ikhethileng ho fapana le ho bokella lipotoloho ka letsoho.
Li-circuits tse kopantsoeng li ka kopanya palo e kholo ea li-microtransistors ho chip e nyane, e leng tsoelo-pele e kholo.Ho hlahisoa ka bongata ha lipotoloho tse kopaneng, ho ts'epahala, le mokhoa oa modular oa moralo oa potoloho o netefalitse ho amoheloa ka potlako ha li-circuits tse kopaneng tse kopaneng ho fapana le meralo e sebelisang li-transistors tsa discrete.
Li-circuits tse kopantsoeng li na le melemo e 'meli ea mantlha ho feta li-transistors tse fapaneng: litšenyehelo le ts'ebetso.Theko e tlaase e bakoa ke taba ea hore chip e na le likarolo tsohle tsa eona tse hatisitsoeng e le yuniti ka photolithography, ho e-na le ho etsa transistor e le 'ngoe feela ka nako.
Ts'ebetso e phahameng e bakoa ke ho fetoha ka potlako ha likarolo le tšebeliso e tlaase ea matla hobane likaroloana li nyenyane ebile li le haufi le tse ling.Ka 2006, sebaka sa chip se ne se tloha ho limilimithara tse 'maloa ho isa ho 350mm²,' me mm² ka 'ngoe e ne e ka fihla ho li-transistors tse milione.